Toenail fungal infections are usually caused by dermatophytes, a type of fungus that thrives in warm, moist environments. This fungus can invade the nail bed, leading to thickened, discoloured nails that may become brittle or crumbly over time. While it’s more common in toenails, fungal infections can affect fingernails as well.
Factors such as poor foot hygiene, walking barefoot in communal areas (like gyms, swimming pools, and saunas), and wearing tight, non-breathable shoes can increase the risk of developing a fungal infection. Those with weakened immune systems, diabetes, or circulation problems are also more susceptible.
Why Do Fungal Toenail Infections Recur?
Even after a successful treatment, fungal toenail infections can come back. There are several reasons why this might happen:
- Incomplete Eradication of the Fungus: One of the most common reasons for reinfection is that the initial infection wasn’t entirely cleared. Fungal spores are resilient and can survive in the nail bed even after symptoms have improved. If the infection wasn’t completely eradicated, it can flare up again after a few months or even years.
- Environmental Exposure: Even if the initial infection was successfully treated, you might be re-exposed to the same fungi. Communal areas such as public showers, swimming pools, or gyms can be breeding grounds for fungi, especially if proper foot hygiene isn’t maintained.
- Poor Foot Hygiene: Wearing damp or dirty socks, or shoes that don’t allow your feet to breathe, can encourage fungal growth. Not drying your feet properly after washing, or failing to change socks regularly, can create the perfect conditions for fungus to thrive again.
- Weak Immune System: Those with compromised immune systems, including the elderly or individuals with chronic conditions such as diabetes, are at higher risk of fungal reinfection. If your body’s immune system is unable to fight off fungi effectively, you’re more likely to experience repeat infections.
- Nail Trauma: Injuries to the toenail can create openings that allow fungi to penetrate and reinfect the nail bed. If your toenail becomes damaged, the fungus may exploit the weakened area, leading to reinfection.
